
Aetiology
- secondary to intra uterine posture
- these are flexible
- respond to nonoperative management
- gentle manipulation should start at birth
- tibia is brought posterior to the femur as the knee is flexed
- after manipulation the desired correction may be held with a cast
Associations
- congenital dislocation of the knee
- arthrogryposis & myelodysplasia
- club feet
- DDH
- congenital anomalies
Treatment
- nonoperative
- initially
- begin nonoperative as above
- initially
- operative
- if < 30° flexion at 3 months
- operative release
- if < 30° flexion at 3 months
Reviewed by Professor Phong Tran, Head of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Health. Last updated 10 October 2026.