Tibial Apophyseal Fractures

Paediatric Tibial Tubercle Avulsions, lateral radiograph of a tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture
Lateral radiograph of a tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture. Image by Mikael Häggström, Wikimedia Commons, CC0.

Classification

Ogden

TypeDescription
IAElevation of distal part of tuberosity, minor anterior separation
IBElevation of distal part of tuberosity, separated from metaphysis &/or epiphysis
IIASeparation of fragment from metaphysis & remainder of epiphysis (intra-articular extension). Tuberosity separated & anteriorly angulated
IIBSeparation of fragment from metaphysis & remainder of epiphysis (intra-articular extension). Tuberosity separated, anteriorly angulated & fragmented
IIIAMajor separation of fragment with intra-articular displacement. Fragment is unitary
IIIBMajor separation of fragment with intra-articular displacement. Fragment is comminuted

Original publication Ogden JA, Tross RB, Murphy MJ. Fractures of the tibial tuberosity in adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62(2):205-15.

Reviewed by Professor Phong Tran, Head of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Health. Last updated 10 October 2026.