Anatomy
- Superficial layer
- ilio-tibial band continuous with deep fascia inserts into the antero-lateral surface of the proximal tibia (Gerdy’s Tubercle)
- Middle layer
- Superficial lateral ligament from the lateral epicondyle to the styloid process of the fibula & is tight in extension but lax in flexion (femoral attachment lies behind the axis of rotation)
- Deep layer
- Capsular thickening which is poorly developed & runs from the lateral condyle to the head of the fibula & does not attach to the meniscus ® lateral meniscus is more mobile
Pathology
- Usually associated with cruciate injuries or posterolateral corner injuries & significant instability
- Isolated LCL injuries are rare & can be treated nonsurgically
Treatment
Non-operative
- Isolated LCL injuries
- rare
Operative
- If associated secondary restraints are torn
- → complete lateral complex injury (ie opens in extension)
- Options
- Acute
- Direct repair ± biceps tenodesis to lateral epicondyle of femur
- Chronic instability
- advancement, augmentation or reconstruction
- e.g. ITB augmentation, biceps tenodesis of the posterolateral corner
- advancement, augmentation or reconstruction
- Acute
Reviewed by Professor Phong Tran, Head of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Health. Last updated 10 October 2026.