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Evaluation of Tumours

Clinical History

  • pain
  • mass
  • deformity
  • fracture

Examination

  • lump
    • size, shape, surface consistency, tenderness
    • inflammation, mobility, anatomic relations
    • transilluminance, bruit, atrophy
  • neurovascular status
  • breast
  • prostate
  • splenomegally
  • skin lesions

Laboratory Investigations

  • FBE
  • ELFT
  • CA
  • PSA
  • EPP
  • Urine

Xrays

Questions to Ask

  1. Where is the lesion?
  2. What is lesion doing to bone?
    • wide zone of transmission
      • -> malignant or aggressive
    • well demarcated with narrow zone of transition
      • -> benign
  3. What is the bone doing?
    • periosteal reaction
    • smooth with benign process
    • onion skin or sunburst
  4. What is in the lesion?
    • calcification suggests cartilage lesion
  5. Age of patient
  6. More than one lesion
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