Ankle Fractures | Trauma

Classification

Lauge-Hansen Classification of Ankle Fractures
Classification	Description
Supination-Adduction (SA)	Transverse avulsion-type fracture of the fibula below the level of the joint or tear of the lateral collateral ligaments Vertical fracture of the medial malleolus
Supination-Eversion (External Rotation) (SER)	Disruption of the anterior tibiofibular ligament Spiral oblique fracture of the distal fibula Disruption of the posterior tibiofibular ligament or fracture of the posterior malleolus Fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament
Pronation-Abduction (PA)	Transverse fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament Rupture of the syndesmotic ligaments or avulsion fracture of their insertions Short, horizontal, oblique fracture of the fibula above the level of the joint
Pronation-Eversion (External Rotation) (PER)	Transverse fracture of the medial malleolus or disruption of the deltoid ligament Disruption of the anterior tibiofibular ligament Short oblique fracture of the fibula above the level of the joint Rupture of posterior tibiofibular ligament or avulsion fracture of the posterolateral tibia
Pronation-Dorsiflexion (PD)	Fracture of the medial malleolus Fracture of the anterior margin of the tibia Supramalleolar fracture of the fibula Transverse fracture of the posterior tibial surface

AO Classification of Ankle Fractures
Type	Subtype	Description
Type A Fibula Fracture below Syndesmosis (Infrasyndesmotic)	A1	isolated
	A2	with fracture of medial malleolus
	A3	with a posteromedial fracture
Type B Fibula Fracture at Level of Syndesmosis (Transsyndesmotic)	B1	isolated
	B2	with medial lesion (malleolus or ligament)
	B3	with a medial lesion and fracture of posterolateral tibia
Type C Fibula Fracture above Syndesmosis (Suprasyndesmotic)	C1	diaphyseal fracture of the fibula, simple
	C2	diaphyseal fracture of the fibula, complex
	C3	proximal fracture of the fibula

Bimalleolar Ankle Fracture